Political views, explained

91 named traditions, from anarchism to Thatcherism. Open one to see what it stands for, where it sits on the eight dimensions and which leaders fit it best.

AgrarianismValues rural life, small farms and self-reliant communities over industrial and urban…AnarchismRejects the state and hierarchy in favor of voluntary, cooperative organization.Anarcho-capitalismAbolishes the state in favor of private property, voluntary contracts and competing…Anarcho-communismAbolishes the state, private property and money in favor of free, stateless communities…Anarcho-primitivismRejects civilization, agriculture and industry and favors a return to hunter-gatherer…Anarcho-syndicalismWorkers organize in revolutionary unions that take over industry and run society without…Anti-colonial nationalismFuses independence struggles with economic self-reliance and national dignity.Austrian schoolAn economic tradition that stresses individual choice, sound money and skepticism about…BolivarianismA Latin American left movement mixing socialism, nationalism and Simón Bolívar's dream…BonapartismAuthoritarian rule by a popular leader who claims to embody the nation, with plebiscites…Christian democracyBlends Christian social teaching, a social market economy and European cooperation.Christian leftDraws on Christian ethics for social justice, peace and care for the poor, including…Civil libertarianismPuts rights such as free speech, privacy and due process above almost every other goal,…Classical liberalismIndividual rights, limited government, free markets and the rule of law.CommunitarianismStresses community bonds, shared values and civic duty over pure individualism.Confucian meritocracyPrefers rule by educated, moral officials chosen by merit over competitive elections.ConservatismFavors gradual change, established institutions and continuity with tradition.CooperativismPrefers businesses owned and run by workers, consumers or local communities.CosmopolitanismPuts shared humanity and international institutions above national boundaries.Council communismArgues that workers' councils should run society directly and rejects both vanguard…CypherpunkUses cryptography and open software to protect privacy and to weaken state and corporate…Deep ecologyGives nature value in itself and calls for a radical reduction of human impact.DegrowthArgues that rich economies should shrink resource use and consumption to stay within…Democratic confederalismA stateless, feminist and ecological model of local assemblies federated from below.Democratic socialismSeeks democratic control of key industries, broad public ownership and universal services.DistributismSpreads property widely among families and small producers, opposing both big capital…Eco-modernismArgues that technology such as nuclear power, intensive farming and urbanization can…Eco-socialismArgues that capitalism drives ecological crisis and calls for public, democratic control…Economic nationalismUses tariffs, subsidies and industrial policy to protect and grow domestic industry.Effective accelerationismArgues that rapid technological progress, especially in AI and energy, is the best path…EurocommunismA communism that accepts elections and pluralism, breaking with Soviet orthodoxy in the…European federalismWants Europe's states to pool sovereignty into a shared democratic federation.FabianismPursues socialism gradually through research, education and reform rather than revolution.FalangismA Spanish fascist-inspired movement stressing nation, Catholicism and corporatist unity.FascismAn ultranationalist one-party dictatorship built on a leader cult, militarism and the…Fiscal conservatismPrioritizes low taxes, balanced budgets and limited public debt.Fully automated luxury communismImagines advanced automation making goods abundant and freeing people from wage labor.GaullismA French tradition of national independence, a strong presidency and a leading role for…GeorgismTaxes land and natural resources instead of labor, arguing that the value of land…Green conservatismSees protecting land, beauty and heritage as conservative values.Green politicsPuts ecological limits, sustainability and grassroots democracy at the center of policy.Hawkish realismSees the world as a contest between states, where military strength and alliances secure…IntegralismA Catholic view that political authority should serve the Church's spiritual aims.IslamismA broad family of movements that seek to organize politics and law around Islam, from…KemalismTurkey's founding ideology of secular, nationalist and state-led modernization.KeynesianismSupports government spending and central bank action to smooth recessions and protect…Left conservatismCombines strong economic protection for workers with attachment to community, family and…Left-wing populismFrames politics as ordinary people against economic elites, with strong redistribution…Liberal internationalismBacks a rules-based world order of alliances, trade and institutions to keep the peace.LibertarianismMaximizes personal and economic freedom and shrinks government to a minimum.LocalismPushes power and decisions down to the smallest workable community.MaoismA Marxist-Leninist current built on peasant-based revolution and mass mobilization under…Market socialismCombines worker or public ownership of firms with markets and competition.Marxism-LeninismAims at a classless society through revolution and a single party ruling on behalf of…MilitarismTreats military strength and martial values as central to national life.MinarchismLimits the state to a minimal "night-watchman" role of courts, police and defense.MonarchismSupports a hereditary monarch as head of state, from ceremonial constitutional monarchy…MutualismA market-based anarchism in which workers and small producers trade fairly through…National conservatismPrioritizes national sovereignty, cultural identity, tradition and firm borders.Neo-LuddismResists industrial and digital technology that is seen to erode community, work and…NeoconservatismPairs free markets and traditional values with an assertive, democracy-promoting foreign…NeoliberalismPromotes markets, privatization, deregulation and free trade as the route to prosperity.Non-alignmentKeeps countries out of great-power blocs and military alliances.Non-interventionismAvoids foreign wars and entangling alliances while trading freely with all.ObjectivismA philosophy of rational self-interest, individual rights and laissez-faire capitalism.One-nation conservatismA paternalist conservatism holding that the better off owe duties to the poor and to…OrdoliberalismFavors competitive markets protected by firm rules and a strong state, the basis of…PacifismRejects war as a political tool and favors nonviolent resistance and disarmament.PaleoconservatismA conservative strain skeptical of immigration, free trade and foreign wars, and…PaleolibertarianismMixes free-market libertarianism with cultural traditionalism and localism.Pan-AfricanismSeeks solidarity and unity among African peoples and states.PeronismAn Argentine movement blending labor rights, welfare and economic nationalism around a…Pirate politicsChampions digital rights, transparency, privacy and copyright reform.ProgressivismUses government to advance social equality, civil rights and reform.Religious rightSeeks to shape law and politics by religious, often Christian, values.Right-wing populismCasts politics as ordinary people against elites, mixing nationalism, tradition and…Secular humanismBases ethics and public life on reason and science rather than religion.Social conservatismDefends the traditional family, religion and moral norms in law and society.Social democracyKeeps a market economy but adds strong public services, unions and progressive taxes to…Social ecologyTies the ecological crisis to social hierarchy and proposes directly democratic,…Social liberalismDefends individual rights and open societies while backing public services and equal…SovereigntismInsists that national institutions, not international bodies, should have the final say.State capitalismUses a strong state to steer a market economy toward rapid growth, often limiting…Techno-optimismTrusts science, engineering and expert management to solve problems and wants technology…TechnocracyPrefers that trained experts rather than politicians make key decisions.Thatcherism and ReaganismFree-market economics, tax cuts, deregulation and a firm stance toward the Soviet Union.Third Way centrismCombines market economics with moderate social policy and pragmatic problem solving.TraditionalismDefends inherited culture, faith, family and local community against rapid modernization.TranshumanismWants to use technology to extend human abilities and lifespans, with strong freedom…TrotskyismA Marxist current that backs world revolution and workers' democracy and opposes…Utopian socialismImagines planned model communities built on cooperation, an approach that predates…